Seat Garden Cushions Made In UK

Green

Fibre filled seat pad made from polyester fabric. Designed to be comfortable, durable and showerproof. The cover can be easily removed for effortless cleaning. Wipe clean surface.

When it finally arrived, I was very pleased with the cushion. However, without the help and assistance of Gerard in your service dept, I fear this would never have happened. 5 stars for him and the cushion, 1 star for the whole negative experience associated with this order.. Anonymous. Fri Aug 23 2024

Green

Classic seat pad with integral back. Suitable for the Miami Two Seater Swing, Santorini Swing & Tenby Arbour. Fibre filled seat pad made from polyester fabric. Designed to be comfortable, durable and showerproof. The cover can be easily removed for effortless cleaning. Wipe clean surface.

This is a great swing chair. Very sturdy and comfortable. It’s bigger than my last one and the 2 side tables are handy to put your cuppa on Very nice colour too. I had the grey. Looks nice.. Anonymous. GB. Fri Jun 19 2026

Grey, 152 L x 67 W x 5 D cm

This bench cushion fibre-filled seat pad is designed to be comfortable, durable and showerproof. The cover can be easily removed for effortless cleaning.

Very pleased with this it is very comfortable to sit on and had made a huge difference to our comfort when sat on our bench .. Anonymous. Allerton Bywater Castleford, GB. Mon Oct 31 2022

Green

Fibre filled seat pad made from polyester fabric. Designed to be comfortable, durable and showerproof. The cover can be easily removed for effortless cleaning. Wipe clean surface.

I’m so happy with my bench cushion it fits perfectly and really smartens my oak bench.. Denise. Tue May 31 2022

Green, 52cm W x 5cm D

Enhance your outdoor seating with this Cushion Base for 2-Seater Wooden Garden Bench in Burgundy. Designed to provide comfort and style, this cushion transforms a standard 2-seater bench into a cosy and inviting spot for relaxing, dining, or enjoying your garden. Its rich burgundy colour adds warmth and elegance, making your outdoor space feel even more welcoming. Measuring 99 x 41 x 5cm, this cushion offers generous padding to comfortably fit most standard 2-seater wooden garden benches. The deep burgundy shade complements natural garden tones and pairs beautifully with other outdoor furniture accessories. Crafted from durable polyester, this bench cushion delivers soft support while standing up to regular outdoor use. Perfectly combining comfort and practicality, it allows you to enjoy longer periods of relaxation on your garden bench without compromising on style. Product Specifications Length: 99cm Width: 41cm Depth: 5cm

Introduce some extra style and comfort to your garden seating with our matching pair of padded chair cushions, featuring a complementing reversible design. The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality. Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a forest green block colour on one side, as well as a ticking stripe pattern on the other that's sure to bring subtle vintage style to any outdoor furniture.

Good quality, design and appearance. Good value for the price. Excellent service and delivery by DHL with good notification of delivery progress.. D R Hall. Cambs. Thu Jul 09 2026

Made from 100% cotton with a anti-microbial and hypoallergenic recycled polyester fibre filling, this beautifully designed vintage style grey striped print garden bench cushion seat pad with carrying handle, water repellent coating, piped edges and mattress stitched finish with reinforced pin tucks makes the perfect addition to your outdoor furniture this spring and summer for making the most of the sunshine.

The cushion is perfect, just what I wanted. Quick delivery, I am very happy!. Elaine. GB. Thu Jul 23 2026

The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% dobby cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality.Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a rich mocha brown block colour on one side, as well as a softly textured stitch stripe pattern on the other that will bring a touch of subtle vintage character to any outdoor furniture. Our garden seat pads are conveniently machine washable so they’re easy to clean and are complete with extra strong fabric ties to keep them in place. The cushions are perfectly sized for standard garden chairs.

Charcoal Grey

Add a touch of colour and comfort to your garden bench with this pretty pastel seat pad cushion. The Bench Cushion is made with polyester cotton with a fibre filling.

Perfect fit for my firetable benches I bought one to evaluate it and was so pleased with the quality and the comfort achieved by the extra thickness I bought five more for the rest of the seating. Anonymous. Sun Jan 28 2024

The cover is made from 100% sustainable cotton with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains, and the interior is generously padded with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic. The pin tuck stitch quilting design offers reinforced security and premium quality.

I found it difficult to find the correct size of seat cushion for my garden bench and Wayfair came up trumps as usual , just perfect and very stylish with the button down detail. Delivery was fast and fuss free. Carol. Black Isle. Mon Jul 13 2026

Misty Jade

Give your garden a touch of colour and comfort to your garden chairs with this pretty seat pad cushion.

Very well made and excellent value. Anonymous. Sat Dec 24 2022

This outdoor bench cushion is the perfect garden accessory to add some extra comfort and style to a bench or swing seat. The long bench cushion is made from 100% cotton and deep filled with soft fibres. Complete with a water-repellent coating, the garden bench cushion cover is conveniently machine washable at 30 and decorated with a botanical green watercolour leaf print. Featuring a useful carry handle so its easy to transport, this bench seat pad is a great addition to your patio furniture and can also be used as a garden grass cushion for lounging in the sun on warm afternoons.

Excellent cushion for my Arbour, very pretty and comfortable and makes it look inviting to sit for a while.. Carolyn. Sat Feb 07 2026

This set of 4 outdoor chair cushions are generously padded with soft fibres, perfect to bring some added comfort and style to your garden seating. Each garden seat pad is made from 100% cotton with a water repellent coating and is conveniently machine washable at 30°. Fabric strings at the back will easily tie on to your outdoor furniture. The tie-on seat cushions boast a farmhouse inspired ticking stripe pattern in pillar box grey which beautifully complements the neutral background. A great addition to your patio chairs when dining alfresco, these garden cushions can also be used as grass cushions for lounging in the sun.

Super comfy and really well made. We've been using with no problem for over a month - so thoroughly tested. It's not clear from the description but this is a British company and the filling is made from recycled materials.. Ione. Wimborne, GB. Sat Aug 01 2026

The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% dobby cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality.Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a rich mocha brown block colour on one side, as well as a softly textured stitch stripe pattern on the other that will bring a touch of subtle vintage character to any outdoor furniture. Our garden seat pads are conveniently machine washable so they’re easy to clean and are complete with extra strong fabric ties to keep them in place. The cushions are perfectly sized for standard garden chairs.

Not the best quality. Anonymous. Tue Feb 25 2025

This set of 4 outdoor chair cushions are generously padded with soft fibres, perfect to bring some added comfort and style to your garden seating. Each garden seat pad is made from 100% cotton with a water repellent coating and is conveniently machine washable at 30°. Fabric strings at the back will easily tie on to your outdoor furniture. The tie-on seat cushions boast a farmhouse inspired striking botanical leaf design which beautifully complements the neutral background. A great addition to your patio chairs when dining alfresco, these garden cushions can also be used as grass cushions for lounging in the sun.

Lovely but straps fall off easily. Sam. Measham Swadlincote, GB. Tue Aug 04 2026

Red

Introduce some extra style and comfort to your garden seating with our matching pair of padded chair cushions, featuring a complementing reversible design. The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality. Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a forest block colour on one side, as well as a ticking stripe pattern on the other that's sure to bring subtle vintage style to any outdoor furniture.

These are just what I was looking for and are double sided with plain fabric on the reverse making them 2 looks in one !. Sharon. Wimborne, GB. Fri May 16 2025

Made from 100% cotton and filled to the brim with soft hypoallergenic and anti-microbial recycled polyester fibres, these beautifully designed circular grey tie-on seat pads with quilted finish and reinforced pin tucks are ideal for adding an extra touch of comfort to dining furniture all year round whether eating in or dining alfresco and comes complete with a water repellent coating perfect for unexpected spills and temperamental British weather.

Anonymous. Sun Oct 19 2025

Moroccan Blue

Enjoy the most beautiful season with this comfortable and thick Dining Chair Cushion that you can use for outdoor and indoor chairs. Every garden needs some gorgeous furniture and decoration to create a peaceful outdoor oasis - come rain or sunshine! With this water-resistant seat cushion, you could pick whichever colour you want to create a certain ambience. Sorting out your outdoor furniture is almost like taking a mini holiday in your own garden. When you choose the perfect chair cushion that you can relax on after a long day, it will definitely make it a reality. It could remind you of the time you were sunbathing in Spain or when you relaxed on the beautiful beach in the Caribbean. Tap into your holiday mood and buy some beautiful cushions for your garden chairs so you can enjoy some warm weather at home. You can also use it inside your home too with ties that can easily be attached. Planning to invite some friends and family for a BBQ.

Tessa. Rotherham, GB. Wed May 20 2020

Multicolour

Made from 100% sustainably sourced, organic cotton with a soft, recycled polyester filling, this set of two extra comfortable dining chair cushions is perfect for furnishing your kitchen or dining chairs with an extra touch of comfort and style. Featuring a striking blue heritage rose design with a beautiful white background on a box cushion, these luxury tie-on seat cushions would beautifully complement a country style kitchen, and come complete with fabric ties to securely fasten them to your kitchen chairs.

It’s not worth what paid for it’s a bit flat but it’s pretty. Anonymous. Aylesbury, GB. Wed Dec 17 2025

Made from 100% cotton and filled to the brim with soft hypoallergenic and anti-microbial recycled polyester fibres, these beautifully designed circular grey tie-on seat pads with quilted finish and reinforced pin tucks are ideal for adding an extra touch of comfort to dining furniture all year round whether eating in or dining alfresco and comes complete with a water repellent coating perfect for unexpected spills and temperamental British weather.

I’m very pleased with these cushions, we just need the sunshine now.. Linda. Holmfirth, GB. Thu May 08 2025

The tie-on covers are made from premium woven cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality. Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a blush pink block colour on one side, as well as a ticking stripe pattern on the other that's sure to bring a soft touch of character to any outdoor furniture. Our garden seat pads are conveniently machine washable so they’re easy to clean and are complete with extra strong fabric ties to keep them in place. The cushions are perfectly sized for standard garden chairs.

Brown

This scatter cushion features a forest block colour for a natural, yet neutral look that’s sure to suit any interior décor, whether rustic or contemporary. A decorative home accessory to introduce subtle style and extra comfort to your sofa, armchair or even your bed perhaps, the large cushion is deep filled with soft fibres to help you relax wherever you choose to place it. Our padded cushion has a removable cover that’s machine washable, so it’s easy to clean. Made from premium woven 100% cotton that's eco-friendly and offers only the best in quality, perfect for those looking to make more sustainable choices.

Red, 52cm W x 5cm D

Enhance the comfort of your outdoor seating with this Cushion Back for Single Wooden Garden Chair in Burgundy. Designed specifically for single wooden garden chairs, this cushion back provides extra padding, making your garden furniture more comfortable and inviting for relaxing, reading, or enjoying time with family and friends. Measuring 52 x 20 x 5cm, this cushion back is perfectly sized to fit most standard single wooden garden chairs. Its vibrant burgundy colour adds a colourful touch to your outdoor space while blending seamlessly with a variety of garden furniture styles and settings. Crafted from polyester, this cushion back provides soft support while withstanding regular outdoor use. It is ideal for enhancing the seating experience without compromising on style, allowing you to enjoy your garden furniture for longer periods in comfort. For a complete seating solution, base cushions are also available separately, enabling you to pair this back cushion with a matching seat cushion for maximum comfort and style. Product Specifications Length: 52cm Width: 20cm Depth: 5cm

The bench cushion cover is made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality.Designed in the UK, the reversible bench pad features a botanical leaf pattern on one side, with a soft blush pink block colour underneath for a touch of subtle character that's sure to complement any garden furniture.Our garden bench cushion is conveniently wipe clean only so it’s easy to clean. A fantastic addition to your outdoor seating whether relaxing, hosting a barbecue or enjoying a spot of alfresco dining. You can even place it straight on the lawn for sunbathing and picnics perhaps.

Very nice wayfair thankyou. Carol. Southampton, GB. Wed Aug 13 2025

Made from 100% machine washable cotton with a recycled polyester fibre filling, this set of four blue striped print cushions complete with mattress stitched finish and secure ties are the perfect way to add a touch of traditional country style to your dining furniture all year round and comes complete with a water repellent coating ideal for unexpected spillages.

Good cushions. Nice colours.. Theresa. Mon Feb 03 2025

Pink

The bench cushion cover is made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality.Designed in the UK, the reversible bench pad features a traditional ticking striped pattern on one side, with a complementing blush pink block colour underneath for a soft and cosy look that's sure to suit any garden furniture.Our garden bench cushion is conveniently wipe clean only so it’s easy to clean. A fantastic addition to your outdoor seating whether relaxing, hosting a barbecue or enjoying a spot of alfresco dining. You can even place it straight on the lawn for sunbathing and picnics perhaps.

Comfortable enough but too short for my bench. Didn’t have the colour I really wanted but compromised. Kate Gittins. Shrewsbury. Sun Apr 05 2026

The bench cushion cover is made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality.Designed in the UK, the reversible bench pad features a botanical leaf pattern on one side, with a complementing forest green block colour underneath for a touch of subtle natural character that's sure to suit any garden furniture.Our garden bench cushion is conveniently wipe clean only so it’s easy to clean. A fantastic addition to your outdoor seating whether relaxing, hosting a barbecue or enjoying a spot of alfresco dining. You can even place it straight on the lawn for sunbathing and picnics perhaps.

Anonymous. Sat May 16 2026

Hunter Green

The sun lounger cushion is produced with high-density memory foam. It also comes with a reversible cover and quarter straps for extra stability.

Great lounger covers, well worth the money, hard wearing, comfortable.. Natalie. Tue Sep 15 2020

Pink

Crafted domestically, we utilize components sourced exclusively from within the country for all our items, encompassing everything from the stitching material to the filler beads. each item available has been conceptualized internally by our dedicated design team. production commences immediately upon placing your order at our facility, situated in the core of lancashire's textile area. for almost four decades, we have been meticulously designing and producing beanbags for numerous homes and businesses throughout the United Kingdom. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated. Product must be stored indoors when not in use. Wipe Clean & 30 Degree Wash

This scatter cushion features a forest green base colour that’s decorated with a botanical leaf pattern for a decorative home accessory to suit any interior décor, whether rustic or contemporary. Just the thing to introduce a subtle hint of natural character and extra comfort to your sofa, armchair or even your bed perhaps, the large cushion is deep filled with soft fibres to help you relax wherever you choose to place it. Our padded cushion has a removable cover that’s machine washable, so it’s easy to clean. Made from premium woven 100% cotton that's eco-friendly and offers only the best in quality, perfect for those looking to make more sustainable choices.

I bought this for.my garden chair so I will be enjoying the lovely weather.. Carole. Bedford, GB. Sat Jun 21 2025

Enjoy supreme comfort and style with this versatile seating cushion. crafted from a soft, textured linen-look fabric, it's perfect for both indoor and outdoor settings. the cushion features a thick, supportive foam filling designed for lasting comfort on chairs and benches. its design includes strong ties to keep it securely in place, while the elegant printed patterns enhance any space. ideal for garden furniture, patio seating, dining benches, or interior decor. this product is proudly manufactured in the UK using domestically sourced components. This product adheres to Schedule 2 Part 1 (Ignitibility test for non-Foam Filling Materials Singly) of The Furniture & Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated.

Pink

This timeless cushion is the perfect accent for any space, seamlessly blending with various decors, whether placed on a sofa, bed, armchair, or in a cosy reading nook. Crafted from high-quality fabric, it offers long-lasting support while maintaining its soft and stylish look. The versatile, reversible design allows for an instant refresh of your room with just a flip. It is an ideal home accessory for adding charm, suitable for those who prefer minimalist aesthetics or a bold decorative style. Proudly made in the UK, we use only UK-sourced components in all our products. Each item is designed in-house, and production begins immediately after your order is placed at our Lancashire factory. We have been designing and manufacturing these items for nearly 40 years. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated. Product must be stored indoors when not in use. Wipe Clean & 30 Degree Wash

This scatter cushion features a neutral base colour that’s complemented by a wide striped pattern of rich brown stitches which are ribbed for subtle texture, making a decorative home accessory that's sure suit any interior décor, whether rustic or contemporary. Just the thing to introduce subtle character and extra comfort to your sofa, armchair or even your bed perhaps, the large cushion is deep filled with soft fibres to help you relax wherever you choose to place it. Our padded cushion has a removable cover that’s machine washable, so it’s easy to clean. Made from premium woven 100% dobby cotton that's eco-friendly and offers only the best in quality, perfect for those looking to make more sustainable choices.

Experience ultimate relaxation with our elegantly designed cushion. crafted from a soft, textured, linen-look fabric, it's suitable for both indoor and outdoor settings. the thick foam filling offers substantial support and lasting comfort for any chair or bench. secure the cushion easily with the strong ties, while the subtle printed patterns add a touch of style to your space. incredibly versatile, it's ideal for your garden, patio, dining areas, or home decor. proudly manufactured in the UK using only locally sourced components, every product is designed in-house and produced in lancashire's textile industry, reflecting nearly 40 years of expertise. This product adheres to Schedule 2 Part 1 (Ignitibility test for non-Foam Filling Materials Singly) of The Furniture & Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated.

The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality. Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a blush pink block colour on one side, as well as a botanical leaf pattern on the other that will bring a touch of soft, yet natural character to any outdoor furniture. Our garden seat pads are conveniently machine washable so they’re easy to clean and are complete with extra strong fabric ties to keep them in place. The cushions are perfectly sized for standard garden chairs.

Made from 100% sustainable cotton with a soft, recycled polyester filling, this set of two padded cushions is perfect for furnishing your kitchen or dining chairs with an extra touch of comfort and style. Complete with a timeless pastel stripe design, these luxury tie-on seat cushions come complete with fabric ties to securely fasten them to your kitchen chairs.

This seat cushion is the fashionable and iconic-Union Jack-reversible complimentary design, patchwork, two strong fabric ties, heavily stuffed and four quilted stitches.

Pink

Enhance your indoor or outdoor seating with this stylish cushion. featuring a soft, textured linen-look fabric that provides a premium feel. experience lasting comfort thanks to the thick, supportive foam filling, perfect for chairs and benches. the cushion stays securely in place with strong ties, and its elegant printed patterns add a beautiful touch to any space. it's incredibly versatile, suitable for use on garden chairs, patio seating, dining benches, or as indoor decor. this product is proudly made in the UK, using only UK sourced components, and is designed and manufactured in lancashire's textile industry. with nearly 40 years of experience, we lovingly design and produce beanbags and cushions for homes and businesses across the UK. This product adheres to Schedule 2 Part 1 (Ignitibility test for non-Foam Filling Materials Singly) of The Furniture & Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated.

The tie-on covers are made from premium woven 100% cotton for a sustainable choice that offers only the best in quality, with a water-repellent coating to protect against spills and stains. The interior is generously filled with comfortable fibres which are anti-microbial and hypoallergenic, and the pin tuck stitch quilting offers reinforced security and premium quality. Designed in the UK, each reversible seat pad includes a blush pink block colour on one side, as well as a botanical leaf pattern on the other that will bring a touch of soft, yet natural character to any outdoor furniture. Our garden seat pads are conveniently machine washable so they’re easy to clean and are complete with extra strong fabric ties to keep them in place. The cushions are perfectly sized for standard garden chairs.

Experience ultimate relaxation with our beautifully designed seating cushion. Crafted with a soft, textured fabric, it offers a premium feel perfect for both your indoor and outdoor areas. Inside, a thick, supportive foam provides long-lasting comfort for all chairs and benches. The cushion stays perfectly in place thanks to its strong ties, and the elegant patterns effortlessly enhance any setting. This versatile piece is ideal for patio furniture, garden seating, dining benches, or just adding a decorative touch indoors. Our products are proudly made in the UK, using only domestically sourced components from design to manufacturing in the heart of lancashire's textile industry. This product adheres to Schedule 2 Part 1 (Ignitibility test for non-Foam Filling Materials Singly) of The Furniture & Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated.

This scatter cushion features a neutral, yet soft blush pink base colour that’s decorated with a botanical leaf pattern for a decorative home accessory to suit any interior décor, whether rustic or contemporary. Just the thing to introduce a subtle hint of natural character and extra comfort to your sofa, armchair or even your bed perhaps, the large cushion is deep filled with soft fibres to help you relax wherever you choose to place it. Our padded cushion has a removable cover that’s machine washable, so it’s easy to clean. Made from premium woven 100% cotton that's eco-friendly and offers only the best in quality, perfect for those looking to make more sustainable choices.

This scatter cushion features a neutral base colour that’s complemented by a striped pattern of softly textured mocha stitches for a decorative home accessory to suit any interior décor. Just the thing to introduce a subtle rustic look and extra comfort to your sofa, armchair or even your bed perhaps, the large cushion is deep filled with soft fibres to help you relax wherever you choose to place it. Our padded cushion has a removable cover that’s machine washable, so it’s easy to clean. Made from premium woven 100% dobby cotton that's eco-friendly and offers only the best in quality, perfect for those looking to make more sustainable choices.

This seat cushion is the fashionable and iconic-Union Jack-reversible complimentary design, patchwork, two strong fabric ties, heavily stuffed and four quilted stitches.

Enhance your space with this chic seating cushion. The soft, textured, linen-look material is suitable for both indoor and outdoor settings. Experience lasting comfort thanks to the thick, supportive foam filling. Its strong ties ensure it stays in place, while the elegant printed patterns add a touch of style. This versatile cushion is perfect for a variety of furniture, including garden chairs, patio seating, dining benches, and even indoor decor. Designed and manufactured in the UK, we take pride in using locally sourced components, ensuring quality from start to finish. This product adheres to Schedule 2 Part 1 (Ignitibility test for non-Foam Filling Materials Singly) of The Furniture & Furnishings (Fire) (Safety) Regulations 1988. Any products or props shown in any images are not included unless otherwise stated.